The legal structure of the city/canton is a little confusing. 3,230 m. according to Google Maps. deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution; pollution from oil production wastes in ecologically sensitive areas of the Amazon Basin and Galpagos Islands. The Oriente has a fairly uniform climate that varies only slightly between the two subregions. The largest city in Ecuador is Guayaquil, with a population of 1,952,029 people. What cities in Ecuador are on your bucket list? Cuenca was founded on April 12, 1557. Biggest Cities In Ecuador - WorldAtlas Major rivers in the Oriente include the Pastaza, Napo, and Putumayo. Not coincidentally, it is also where encebollado (tuna/onion soup) originated. )proven reserves: 24 million metric tons (2019 est. The highland rivers broaden as they enter the more level areas of the Costa and the Oriente. 16m Riga , Latvia. The largest cities in Ecuador, ranked by population. Click on a map to view its topography, its elevation and its terrain. Ecuador | History, Flag, Capital, Map, Currency, Population, Language Cuenca, with its population of 400,000 in the urban area and 700,000 in the wider metropolitan area, is regarded as being Ecuador's most European city. The city is located in the Portoviejo River Valley, which is an agricultural powerhouse. . Internal flight services from Ecuador to Galpagos are also available for tourists making it more convenient for guests from outside. Photo by Peter Wendelken. The Andes includes over 20 peaks atleast 13,779 ft (4,200m) in height with most located in the Cordillera Occidental. The above map can be downloaded, printed and used for geography education purposes like map-pointing and coloring activities. While the city is known as Duran, it is also known as Eloy Alfaro. These maps also provide topograhical and contour idea in Ecuador. List of cities in Ecuador by population )note: data are for urban households only, revenues: $33.43 billion (2017 est. ), production: 342.407 million cubic meters (2019 est. We also share travel tips, packing lists, and gear reviews. Guayaquil Photo by YoTuT Guayaquil is the biggest city in Ecuador and it's the country's main port. Ecuador Maps & Facts - World Atlas Special species that could be found here include blue footed boobies, iguanas and many more. ), 6.43% (2021 est. The Elevation Maps of the locations in Ecuador are generated using NASA's SRTM data. The Highest Capital Cities in the World - WorldAtlas Highest town in Venezuela. Most world cities fall into this "nothing special" (elevation-wise) category. )43.2% of GDP (2016 est. Situated at an elevation of 9,350ft, it is the world's second highest capital city and the . They are noted for their association with Charles Darwin, whose observation of animals here during the voyage of the Beagle led to his formation of the theory of natural selection as a means of evolution. It also has a large series of rivers that follow the southern border and spill into the northwest area of Peru. The rivers rise from snowmelt at the edges of the snowcapped peaks or from the abundant precipitation that falls at higher elevations. Ecuador Guayaquil | Ecuador | Britannica )$11,400 (2019 est. The cordilleras were formed earlier in the Cenozoic era (the current geological era), as the Nazca Plate has subducted underneath the South American Plate and has raised the mountain range. In this post, youll learn about the largest cities in Ecuador, including details like their population, elevation, attractions, locations and more. With a population of 1,397,698 according to the last census (2001), and, as estimated by the municipality, approximately 1,504,991 in 2005, Quito is the second most populous city in Ecuador, after Guayaquil. Ecuador Elevation and Elevation Maps of Cities, Topographic Map Contour Are there any cities larger than 50,000 population at altitudes from 2000 to 4000 feet? According to the 2010 Census, there are 316,243 Ecuadorians living in the US metro area of New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island (NY-NJ-PA MSA). Peru, Colombia. Rain can also vary on a local basis. )permanent crops: 5.6% (2018 est. Which city is the primary port of Ecuador? 0-14 years: 24.49% (male 2,183,293/female 2,098,856)15-64 years: 66.44% (male 5,739,156/female 5,876,090)65 years and over: 9.07% (2023 est.) Hi, Im Bryan Haines. ecuador cities by elevation. The government has increased its social spending to ameliorate these problems, but critics question the efficiency and implementation of its national development plan. The city proper must have a population of 175,000 or higher to be on the list. ), $10,700 (2021 est. )transmission/distribution losses: 4.303 billion kWh (2019 est. Driving Distance Calculator. And the largest population of Ecuadorians outside of Ecuador. List of cities in Ecuador - Wikipedia ), total subscriptions: 2,063,044 (2020)subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 12 (2020 est. Gustavo Thomas 2017) Quito, Plaza de San Francisco Cotopaxi Volcano Viewed From Quito (Quito, Ecuador. By this standard, Quito is the highest (constitutional) capital in the world. note: data are in current year dollars$25.89 billion (2019 est.) Above 4,650 meters (15,256ft) is the frozen level, where peaks are constantly capped with snow and ice, and temperatures range from below 0 to 3C (32.0 to 37.4F). Los Andes Ecuatorianos / Ecuadorian Andes. How many Ecuadorians live in New York? The highest mountain peak (Chimborazo) is at 6,267 meters. The northern Ecuadorian Andes are divided into three parallel cordilleras which run in what is similar to an S-shape from north to south: the western, central (Cordillerra Real) and eastern (Cordillera Occidental) cordilleras. Ecuador is one of the smallest countries in South America, but bigger than Uruguay, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana. note: data are in current year dollars$22.401 billion (2020 est.) They often joke that New York is Ecuadors third largest city, because so many Ecuadorians live there. What is thehighest capital city in the world? There are 80 cities in Ecuador, with a population of 10,000 or more. Situated at an elevation of 9,350ft, it is the world's second highest capital city and the oldest among all the South American capitals. Ecuador encompasses a wide range of natural formations and climates, from the desert-like southern coast to the snowcapped peaks of the Andes mountain range to the plains of the Amazon Basin. Ecuador Bordering Countries: Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. Join us as we share our experiences and the best attractions, animals, and foods from around the world. Ecuador's capital and largest city is Quito, which is in the province of Pichincha in the Sierra region. This page was last updated on February 25, 2021, All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com. Ill share a ton of additional resources to help you learn about each of these areas. Machala is known as the Banana Capital of the World. )biomass and waste: 1.5% of total installed capacity (2020 est. In general, temperatures are around 17C (62.6F). Ecuador: Quito: 2,850 9,350 Heres more about Quitos latitude, elevation, and coordinates. The subtropical level1,800 to 2,500 meters (5,906 to 8,202ft)has temperatures from 15 to 20C (59 to 68F) and moderate precipitation. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 0.13% (2021 est. 22 Sally Lightfoot Crab Facts: Guide to Galapagoss Grapsus grapsus, Ecuador Souvenirs: 16 Best Things to Buy in Ecuador (Food, Art, Textiles). Highest city in the world, 30 000 inhabitants. Ecuador - Languages | Britannica The five largest cities in the country are Quito (2.78 million inhabitants), Guayaquil (2.72 million inhabitants), Cuenca (636,996 inhabitants), Santo Domingo (458,580 inhabitants), and Ambato (387,309 inhabitants). The town of Baos de Agua Santa features hot springs swimming pools on the foothills of the Tungurahua in the Central Cordillera. Quitos latitude, elevation, and coordinates, 17 Best Galapagos Beaches (8 Islands) Photos, Snorkeling, Wildlife, Baltra Island Visitor Guide (Galapagos Gateway) 7 Things to Know, 12 Ugly Insects to Avoid (Creepy Facts, Photos) Parasites, Bugs, 9 Safest Countries in Europe: Ranked by Data (Travelers Guide), Camels Have 3 Eyelids: Heres Why (Facts and Functions), Jaguar vs Cheetah: 8 Key Differences Compared (Markings, Habitat, etc), 9 Ugly African Animals to See on Safari: Weird Birds, Mammals, 10 Facts About Darwins Cotton in the Galapagos (Gossypium darwinii), 10 Plantain Recipes: How to Cook Plantains (Videos, Photos, Recipes), 10 Tips for Shopping at an Open Market in Ecuador (11 Spanish Phrases), 11 Facts about Ecuadors Pink Silk Tree (Albizia julibrissin), 11 Facts About Ecuadorian Chicha (Saliva-Fermented Yuca Drink), 13 Tasty Facts About Golden Berries: Andean Uvilla Fruit, 13 Tips for Using City Buses in Cuenca, Ecuador, La Paz, Bolivia: 11,942 feet (3,640 meters), Quito, Ecuador: 9,350 feet (2,850 meters), Sucre, Bolivia: 9,022 feet (2,750 meters). Administrative city: Ibarra Region 2 (43,498 km 2, or 16,795 mi 2 ): Pichincha, Napo, and Orellana. Guayaquil, in full Santiago de Guayaquil, largest city and chief port of Ecuador. )industry: 32.9% (2017 est. )exports: 1.826 billion kWh (2019 est. Hi! According to other sources is Zumbahua at 3,510 m. 20 Huancayo Peru: 3259 10659 21 Tarma Peru: 3053 10016 22 Huaraz Peru: 3052 10006 23 Tulcn Ecuador: 2980 9776 24 Andahuaylas Peru: 2926 9599 25 Ipiales Colombia: 2898 9507 26 Quito Ecuador: 2850 9350 27 Tunja Colombia: 2820 9310 28 Ayacucho Peru . Spanish (Castilian) 93% (official), Quechua 4.1%, other indigenous 0.7%, foreign 2.2%; note - (Quechua and Shuar are official languages of intercultural relations; other indigenous languages are in official use by indigenous peoples in the areas they inhabit) (2010 est. Malaria Information and Prophylaxis, by Country - CDC Santo Domingo is a city (and province) located west of Quito, in northern Ecuador. The Quito airport is at about 7800 feet (one of the reasons it was relocated from Quito central was the lower elevation). )$10,400 (2020 est. The 12 Highest Capital Cities In The World 2023 - WOW Travel Guayaquil is the largest and the most populous city in Ecuador. The Costa is influenced primarily by proximity to warm or cool ocean currents. BLUE-CAPPED TANAGER Thraupis cyanocephala in the Tandayapa Valley of Northwestern ECUADOR. Traveling to a country where you dont speak the language? )1 (2019 est. Quito Elevation: How High is The Capital of Ecuador? Ecuador is located on the west by the Pacific Ocean, and has 2,237 km of coastline. Total number of cities: 31. Quito is Ecuadors political capital and is located high in the Andes mountains. the kiss it must be love, ecuador [_MG_1719]. Geography of Ecuador - Wikipedia ), general assessment: Ecuador has a small telecom market dominated by the mobile sector; the evolution of the market has been influenced by the poor fixed-line infrastructure, which has stymied the development of fixed-line broadband services; to some extent poor infrastructure has been the result of topographical challenges which have rendered the cost of deploying networks to remote and mountainous areas prohibitive; although Ecuador has several fixed-line operators and a large number of ISPs, the state-owned incumbent leads the fixed-line market, and thus also the fixed broadband market; thus far the MVNO sector has been slow to develop, partly because the incumbent operators also have their low-cost brands and thus there is little business case for new market entrants; the government is keen to advance and improve teledensity; from 2022, additional revenue will be earmarked for programs aimed at expanding the reach of internet and mobile services in rural areas of the country; Ecuador lacks a national 5G roadmap; the mobile operators have conducted several 5G pilots, but no progress has been made on allocation spectrum for 5G, or on developing strategies to encourage investment in the sector (2022)domestic: according to 2021 statistics from the Ministry of Telecommunications and Information Society, 50 percent of Ecuadorian homes do not have access to fixed internet; Ecuadors telecoms regulator is currently evaluating and reorganizing the 3.5GHz, 2.5 GHz, 700 MHz and AWS spectrum for future government tenders; 2G/3G technologies have a 91.11 percent of penetration and 4G technologies has 60.74 percent (2021); fixed-line teledensity is about 12 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular service with a subscribership of nearly 88 per 100 persons (2021)international: country code - 593; landing points for the SPSC (Mistral Submarine Cable), Panamerican Cable System (PAN-AM), Pacific Caribbean Cable System (PCCS), America Movil-Telxius West Coast Cable and SAm-1 submarine (SAm-1) cables that provide links to South and Central America, and extending onward to the Caribbean and the US; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019)note: the COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a significant impact on production and supply chains globally; since 2020, some aspects of the telecom sector have experienced a downturn, particularly in mobile device production; progress toward 5G implementation has resumed, as well as upgrades to infrastructure; consumer spending on telecom services has increased due to the surge in demand for capacity and bandwidth; the crucial nature of telecom services as a tool for work and school from home is still evident, and the spike in this area has seen growth opportunities for development of new tools and increased services. Ecuador has 2 cities with more than a million people, 13 cities with between 100,000 and 1 million people, and 66 cities with between 10,000 and 100,000 people. )geothermal: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. It's located at an elevation of 2,580 meters above sea level, making it number two of the highest capital cities in the world. ), 47.3 (2020 est. )government consumption: 14.4% (2017 est. Cotopaxi in Ecuador is one of the world's highest active volcanos. The Napo ranges in width from 500 to 1,800 meters. The city has a population of approximately 1.4 million and, although it serves as an important political, economic and cultural center, it is not the most populous city in Ecuador. WHITE-NECKED JACOBIN Female (a hummingbird) Florisuga mellivora Hovering in Sleeping Hibiscus Bush in Mindo, ECUADOR. The Galpagos Islands have no significant rivers. Temperatures average 25C (77F) in the western parts of this region. Tanager Photo by Peter Wendelken. Western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, between Colombia and Peru, total: 283,561 sq kmland: 276,841 sq kmwater: 6,720 sq kmnote: includes Galapagos Islands, total: 2,237 kmborder countries (2): Colombia 708 km; Peru 1529 km, territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200 nmnote: Ecuador has declared its right to extend its continental shelf to 350 nm measured from the baselines of the Galapagos Archipelago, tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands, coastal plain (costa), inter-Andean central highlands (sierra), and flat to rolling eastern jungle (oriente), highest point: Chimborazo 6,267lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 mmean elevation: 1,117 mnote: because the earth is not a perfect sphere and has an equatorial bulge, the highest point on the planet farthest from its center is Mount Chimborazo not Mount Everest, which is merely the highest peak above sea level, agricultural land: 29.7% (2018 est. Santo Domingo was founded on May 29, 1861. Ecuador: country data and statistics - Worlddata.info Check out our 12-video city tour. The few exceptions are the longer, perennial rivers that flow throughout the Costa Externa from the Costa Internal and the Sierra on their way to the Pacific Ocean. Manta is home to some of the best beaches in Ecuador (El Murcilago, Santa Marianita, and San Lorenzo). On the north coast of Ecuador the port of Balao in Esmeraldas is used for oil export and the port of Manta was formerly used by the United States Air Force as a control point for narcotics traffic control until 2009. Rare cases in other provinces in areas <1,500m (4,921 ft). )refined petroleum consumption: 259,000 bbl/day (2019 est. Low elevation cities are often seaports or are close to the sea. ), 77.9% (2018/19)note: percent of women aged 15-50, improved: urban: 100% of populationrural: 87.1% of populationtotal: 95.4% of populationunimproved: urban: 0% of populationrural: 12.9% of populationtotal: 4.6% of population (2020 est. The next four are more than 1,000m lower than El Alto-La Paz, with Ecuador 's capital Quito coming in at second place at 2,784m and Colombia 's capital Bogot rounding out the top five at 2,601m. In the Sierra region, the streams and rivers are narrow and flow rapidly over precipitous slopes. The Esmeraldas River is 320 kilometers long and has a 20,000-square-kilometer drainage basin. )imports: 6 million kWh (2019 est. )major-language sample(s): La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de informacin bsica. You see, Bolivia has two capital cities: La Paz is the seat of government and Sucre is the constitutional capital. The elevation of the city's central square is 2,800 m (about 9,186 ft), making Quito the second-highest administrative capital city in the . )spirits: 0.61 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. These maps also provide topograhical and contour idea in Ecuador. The continental regions extend the length of the country from north to south and are separated by the Andes Mountains. Diurnal temperatures, however, vary dramatically, from cold mornings to hot afternoons. The above outline map represents Ecuador - a country in northwestern South America. Every seventh resident lives in Guayaquil alone. )$2.939 billion (31 December 2019 est. The temperate level2,500 to 3,200 meters (8,202 to 10,499ft)- -has a year-round temperature in the range of 10 to 15C (50 to 59F) and an annual rainfall of 1,000 millimeters (39.4in). )other alcohols: 0.03 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Some 38% of Ecuador's land is forested,[5] and despite a 1.5% annual deforestation rate remains one of the most biodiverse locations on the planet. )investment in inventories: 1% (2017 est. With each ascent of 200 meters (656ft) in altitude, temperature drops 1C (1.8F). note: data are in current year dollars, United States 22%, China 18%, Colombia 9%, Panama 5% (2019), refined petroleum, coal tar oil, cars, packaged medicines, soybean products (2019), $7.912 billion (31 December 2021 est. The Napo rises near Mount Cotopaxi and is the major river used for transport in the Eastern lowlands. The eight summer months experience no precipitation, whereas the winter months of January through April have some fog and drizzle. ecuador cities by elevation. Between 1904 and 1942, Ecuador lost territories in a series of conflicts with its neighbors. Geographically speaking, Ecuador is broken down in three distinct regions, the coastal region along the Pacific Ocean, the Andes that cut through the middle of the country and the Amazon region. Mestizo (mixed Amerindian and White) 71.9%, Montubio 7.4%, Amerindian 7%, White 6.1%, Afroecuadorian 4.3%, Mulatto 1.9%, Black 1%, other 0.4% (2010 est.). More than half of all residents (64%) live within cities. The first country on the main list, Bolivia, is a country with multiple capitals; La Paz is the seat of the government while Sucre is the constitutional capital. The central belt of Ecuador that includes the Andes Mountains, inland from the coast; with volcanoes and mountain peaks that sport year-round snow on the equator; many areas long since deforested by agriculture; a number of cut-flower growing operations; at a certain altitude, cloud forests may be found. )the US dollar became Ecuador's currency in 2001, electrification - total population: 97% (2019)electrification - urban areas: 100% (2019)electrification - rural areas: 93% (2019), installed generating capacity: 9.354 million kW (2020 est. Ecuador occupies a total area of 283,561 sq.km, which also includes the Galapagos Islands. Its second largest city is Guayaquil, in the Guayas Province. Other natural resources include timber and hydropower. 283,561km2 (109,484sqmi) is land and 6,720km2 (2,595sqmi) water. In my research, I found numerous US towns with a high percentage of people with Ecuadorian ancestry. (2020) so also sent to the National Assembly a new regulation proposal that is still under discussion. Ecuador is bordered by Colombia to the north, by Peru to the south and east, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. )beer: 2.32 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. To help you get a clear picture of the major cities and areas, we put together this guide. In addition, of the 956 registered media, 58% are radio and 18% print. According to other sources is, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 02:25. )agricultural: 8.076 billion cubic meters (2017 est. FLAMING RED: PALE-MANDIBLED ARAARI Pteroglossus erythropygius in Pico Pico Tree in Mindo, Ecuador. Collectively known as the Pacific Equatorial Forest, these forest remnants are considered the most endangered tropical forest in the world, and are part of the Tumbes-Choco-Magdalena biodiversity hotspot. Lines of latitude indicate the distance of a location north or south of the equator (an imaginary line halfway between the North and South Pole). )6.11% (2020 est. Almost all of the rivers in Ecuador rise in the Sierra region and flow east toward the Amazon River or west toward the Pacific Ocean. Quito, Quito Canton, Pichincha, 170130, Ecuador, Ecuador> Galpagos> Cantn San Cristbal, Isla Floreana, Cantn San Cristbal, Galpagos, Ecuador, Isla Pinta, Parroquia Santa Rosa, Cantn Santa Cruz, Galpagos, Ecuador, Barrio La Victoria, El Sagrario, Ibarra, Imbabura, 100105, Ecuador, Ecuador> Santa Elena Province> Elena Canton, Junta del Pacifico, Parroquia Simn Bolvar, Elena Canton, Santa Elena Province, Ecuador, Peaje, Durn, Duran, Durn, Guayas, Ecuador. Although Ecuador marked 30 years of civilian governance in 2004, the period was marred by political instability. Ecuador is located on the west by the Pacific Ocean, and has 2,237km of coastline. note: data are in current year dollars$19.877 billion (2020 est.) Ecuador is divided into four geographic regions: the coastal lowlands and mountain area; the Central Andes Mountains and its two major chains (Cordillera Occidental in the West) and the (Cordillera Oriental in the east); the lower mountains that fade into rolling hills and lowlands of the east, and the territory of the Galapagos Islands - officially called the Archipielago de Colon - located about 1,000km to the west. At its mouth, the river forms a broad estuary with two channels around Pun Island, the deeper of which is used for navigation. ecuador cities by elevation June 29, 2022. ecuador cities by elevation Quito - the national capital and the second most populous city of Ecuador. PURPLE-CHESTED HUMMINGBIRD MALE Amazilia rosenbergi Hovering in the Ro Silanche Bird Sanctuary in Northwestern ECUADOR. Have a question? ), 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2023 est. Population of Cities in Ecuador 2023 - worldpopulationreview.com The elevation of the places in Ecuador is also provided on the maps. It is home to Quito International Airport and is one of two primary entry points for foreign tourists. ), fossil fuels: 21% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The temperate level experiences rainstorms, hailstorms, and fog. The city of Cuenca is Ecuador's third-largest city and is situated in the highlands at an elevation of 2,560 meters above sea level. SWALLOW TANAGER Male Tersina viridis Eating Orange Pico Pico Fruit in a Tree in Mindo in Northwestern ECUADOR. The territories of the Viceroyalty - New Granada (Colombia), Venezuela, and Quito - gained their independence between 1819 and 1822 and formed a federation known as Gran Colombia. ), degree of risk: high (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fevervectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria, total: 3.05 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. (We Salute You, Our Homeland)lyrics/music: Juan Leon MERA/Antonio NEUMANEnote: adopted 1948; Juan Leon MERA wrote the lyrics in 1865; only the chorus and second verse are sung, total World Heritage Sites: 5 (3 cultural, 2 natural)selected World Heritage Site locales: Historic Quito (c); Galpagos Islands (n); Historic Cuenca (c); Qhapaq an/Andean Road System (c); Sangay National Park (n), highly informal South American economy; USD currency user; major banana exporter; hard hit by COVID-19; macroeconomic fragility from oil dependency; successful debt restructuring; China funding budget deficits; social unrest hampering economic activity, $189.88 billion (2021 est. ), conventional long form: Republic of Ecuadorconventional short form: Ecuadorlocal long form: Republica del Ecuadorlocal short form: Ecuadoretymology: the country's position on the globe, straddling the Equator, accounts for its Spanish name, name: Quitogeographic coordinates: 0 13 S, 78 30 Wtime difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC, during Standard Time)time zone note: Ecuador has two time zones, including the Galapagos Islands (UTC-6)etymology: named after the Quitu, a Pre-Columbian indigenous people credited with founding the city; the name is also a combination of two Tsafiki words: quitso (meaning "center" or "half") + to or tu ("the world"); the combination roughly translates as "center of the world" and reflects the fact that native peoples recognized that at the two annual equinoxes, the overhead sun in that area (only about 20 km (12 mi) north of the equator) did not display any shade and thus must be in the middle of the world, 24 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Azuay, Bolivar, Canar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Esmeraldas, Galapagos, Guayas, Imbabura, Loja, Los Rios, Manabi, Morona-Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Pichincha, Santa Elena, Santo Domingo de los Tsachilas, Sucumbios, Tungurahua, Zamora-Chinchipe, Independence Day (independence of Quito), 10 August (1809), history: many previous; latest approved 20 October 2008amendments: proposed by the president of the republic through a referendum, by public petition of at least 1% of registered voters, or by agreement of at least one-third membership of the National Assembly; passage requires two separate readings a year apart and approval by at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly, and approval by absolute majority in a referendum; amendments such as changes to the structure of the state, constraints on personal rights and guarantees, or constitutional amendment procedures are not allowed; amended 2011, 2015, 2018, civil law based on the Chilean civil code with modifications; traditional law in indigenous communities, has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction, citizenship by birth: yescitizenship by descent only: yesdual citizenship recognized: noresidency requirement for naturalization: 3 years, 18-65 years of age; universal and compulsory; 16-18, over 65, and other eligible voters, voluntary, chief of state: President Guillermo LASSO Mendoza (since 24 May 2021); Vice President Alfredo Enrique BORRERO Vega (since 24 May 2021); the president is both chief of state and head of governmenthead of government: President Guillermo LASSO Mendoza (since 24 May 2021); Vice President Alfredo Enrique BORRERO Vega (since 24 May 2021)cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the presidentelections/appointments: president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 4-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 7 February 2021 with a runoff on 11 April 2021 (next to be held in February 2025)election results: 2021: Guillermo LASSO Mendoza elected president; first round election results: percent of vote - Andres ARAUZ (UNES) 32.72%, Guillermo LASSO Mendoza (CREO) 19.74%, Yaku PEREZ Guartambel (MUPP) 19.38%, Xavier HERVAS Mora (Independent) 15.68%, other 12.48%; second round election results: percent of vote - Guillermo LASSO Mendoza (CREO) 52.5%, Andres ARAUZ (UNES) 47.5%2017: Lenin MORENO Garces elected president in second round; percent of vote - Lenin MORENO Garces (Alianza PAIS Movement) 51.1%, Guillermo LASSO (CREO) 48.9%, description: unicameral National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional (137 seats; 116 members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 15 members directly elected in a single nationwide constituency by proportional representation vote, and 6 directly elected in multi-seat constituencies for Ecuadorians living abroad by simple majority vote; members serve 4-year terms); note - all Assembly members have alternates from the same party who cast votes when a primary member is absent, resigns, or is removed from officeelections: last held on 7 February 2021 (next scheduled in February 2025)election results: percent of vote by party - UNES 32.21%, MUPP 16.81%, ID 11.98%, PSC 9.73%, CREO 9.65%, MC-PSE 3.76%, other 15.86%; seats by party - UNES 49, MUPP 27, ID 18, PSC 18, CREO 12, MC-PSE 2, independents 3, other 8; composition as of March 2022 - men 84, women 53, percent of women 38.7%; note - defections by members of National Assembly are commonplace, resulting in frequent changes in the numbers of seats held by the various parties, highest court(s): National Court of Justice or Corte Nacional de Justicia (consists of 21 judges, including the chief justice and organized into 5 specialized chambers); Constitutional Court or Corte Constitucional (consists of the court president and 8 judges)judge selection and term of office: candidates for the National Court of Justice evaluated and appointed justices by the Judicial Council, a 9-member independent body of law professionals; justices elected for 9-year, non-renewable terms, with one-third of the membership renewed every 3 years; candidates for the Constitutional Court evaluated and appointed judges by a 6-member independent body of law professionals; judges appointed for 4-year renewable termssubordinate courts: provincial courts (one for each province except Galapagos); fiscal, criminal, and administrative tribunals; Election Dispute Settlement Courts; cantonal courts, Avanza Party or AVANZA [Javier ORTI Torres]Central Democratic Movement or CD [Jimmy JAIRALA]Citizen Revolution Movement or MRC or RC5 [Rafael CORREA]Creating Opportunities Movement or CREO [Guillermo LASSO]Democratic Left or ID [Rodrigo BORJA Cevallos]Forward Ecuador Movement [Alvaro NOBOA]Pachakutik Plurinational Unity Movement or MUPP [Marlon Rene SANTI Gualinga]Patriotic Society Party or PSP [Lucio Edwin GUTIERREZ Borbua]Popular Democracy Movement or MPD [Luis VILLACIS]Social Christian Party or PSC [Jaime NEBOT Saadi]Socialist Party [Gustavo VALLEJO] Society United for More Action or SUMA [Guillermo CELI], CAN, CD, CELAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, OPEC, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, PROSUR, SICA (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, chief of mission: Ambassador Ivonne Leila Juez De A-BAKI (since 6 February 2020)chancery: 2535 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009telephone: [1] (202) 234-7200FAX: [1] (202) 333-2893email address and website: embassy@ecuador.orghttp://www.ecuador.org/consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, Minneapolis, New Haven (CT), New Orleans, New York, Newark (NJ), Phoenix, San Francisco, chief of mission: Ambassador Michael J. FITZPATRICK (since 3 July 2019)embassy: E12-170 Avenida Avigiras y Avenida Eloy Alfaro, Quitomailing address: 3420 Quito Place, Washington DC 20521-3420telephone: [593] (2) 398-5000email address and website: ACSQuito@state.govhttps://ec.usembassy.gov/consulate(s) general: Guayaquil, three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double width), blue, and red with the coat of arms superimposed at the center of the flag; the flag retains the three main colors of the banner of Gran Colombia, the South American republic that broke up in 1830; the yellow color represents sunshine, grain, and mineral wealth, blue the sky, sea, and rivers, and red the blood of patriots spilled in the struggle for freedom and justicenote: similar to the flag of Colombia, which is shorter and does not bear a coat of arms, Andean condor; national colors: yellow, blue, red, name: "Salve, Oh Patria!"
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