Feline Chlamydia is a relatively dangerous organism responsible for upper respiratory tract and ocular infections. Use hoof knife to find the white line at the toe of the sole. Equine vaccination is a vast subject,... You have entered an incorrect email address! The expert farrier knows everything very minutely and also expert on hoof trimming tools. This growth is not likely to be even. DO NOT try to trim a domestic hoof as short as these mustang feet. The horse’s hoof is an amazing structure. Toe-out conformation, for instance, can be corrected by lowering the outside half of the hoof wall to shift the center of weight distribution back over the center of the foot and removing the flare on the outside. Lessen the depth of cut as the knife approaches the heel. So we have started offering piggy hoof and tusk trims for your piggy children! And while it used to be that all trimming had to be done manually with horse hoof clippers, with the introduction of the Hoof Boss this is no longer the case. The longish growth at the toe is now evident. 5% coupon applied at checkout Save 5% with coupon. This tool has a non-cutting jaw and a cutting jaw, although some hoof cutters have two cutting jaws. The foot lands with equal force on both heels of the hoof. Viewed from the front while the horse is standing on a level surface, a correctly dressed forefoot is nicely bell-shaped. Your horse has to have a certain amount of hoof in order to keep the tendons, ligaments, bones, and other soft tissues from becoming bruised and battered. The feet have enough elevation in their forward extension to clear the ground properly. 13. Support the horse’s foot just above your bent knees and turn your toes well in for balance. Trim the hoof. We have thousands of satisfied clients throughout the world. Paring out deprives the foot of its natural protection, but also reduces the bearing surface provided by its margin. When you have finished, let the leg down and check to see that the level of the foot and the slope of the wall are correct. Now round off the front edge of the foot with the rasp, working downward and then around the side. The toe will need to be shortened, the heels lower to balance the foot, and the edge of the wall rounded off to prevent it from cracking. The Horse is strong, muscular, and generally dark in color. … As a horse owner, you must have basic knowledge of hoof structure, hoof trimming and hoof problems of your lovely horse. For a lot of horse owners, trimming their horse’s hooves is a major chore. Hoof trimming aims to balance the hoof so that the horse can stand correctly and works for its optimum level. That’s the job for the knife or the hoof nippers. The Hoof Boss is completely safe to operate when you follow our clear operating instructions. Make sure your horse’s hooves are long enough. Danger traditional job. Proper natural hoof trimming aims to: Encourage a tight laminar connection by dealing with flares to ensure that the coffin bone is held strongly in the top of the hoof capsule. Weighing in at just over a pound, the Hoof Boss is perfectly designed to fit comfortably in the operator’s hand which significantly decreases trimming associated fatigue. See what some have to say! Preparing a horse for hoof trimming can be a process fraught with issues, especially when electric horse trimmers are to be used. Keep your body close to the horse. 16. Hoof trimming is a very risky task and needs details knowledge on horse hoof structure, hoof diseases, horse behavior and the physical condition of your horse. You don’t want the horse on a 12 inch lead line. Start at the toe end, working the rasp across the undersurface of the toe and leading it around gradually in the direction of the heel. If you are a horse owner who trims their own horse, then you are aware that horse hooves need to be trimmed on a regular basis to ensure proper hoof health. Cup your right hand under the pastern with your fingers to the inside. Equine hoof health is vital for soundness and overall health.Improve your horse's health and soundness through a knowledge of basic anatomy, which will open the door to a new understanding of how to properly trim and balance your horse's foot, recognize problems, learn how to correct them and why it is important to correct them. Blunder #1 Infrequent Farrier Visits. Only flakes of the sole that has failed to shed should be removed. Natural hoof trimming is no excuse to lame a horse or it is not natural. When you come to dress the left-hind foot, pick up the leg in this way: stand just behind the horse’s shoulder facing the hindquarter. Now move your left leg forward a step and pass the horse’s raised foot between your legs, at the same time bringing your right leg up level with your left. So you can cut only one side of the wall at each stroke. The frog must be pared sparingly-only to remove any broken or loose tags of the horn. Copyright © 2020 Boss Tools. 20. The horse’s foot may then be rested just above your knees for trimming. • Latest and greatest in sustainable hoof protection that doesn’t affect hoof function (eg. Never cut the wall lower than the sole — the rasp cuts on the forward stroke, only for half of its length. You don’t want her to feel trapped. If neglected, overgrown hooves can lead to lameness, making it difficult for the horse to walk. It is less likely to be greatest around at the heels. The level of versatility offered by the Hoof Boss far exceeds that of any manual hoof trimming knife. The toes have arrived. No your horse is never supposed to limp. The basic proverb related to the horse is that “No hoof No Horse.” If the hoof is maintained correctly, you will receive minimum problems from your horse. The Hoof Boss allows for a pain-free way to remove hoof material by eliminating the chance of trimming too deep. Daily trimming with the five basic hoof structures in mind and pathogens under control the hoof begins to quickly reverse many of the pathologies that have troubled domestic horse for centuries. To control excessive wear and the horse is becoming footsore, a little more of the wall should be left than when hoof trimming to fit a shoe. There are many procedures of horse hoof trimming in many countries, but the basic rules and procedures are as follows: 1. It may be highest around the sides, or on one side. 55.00 per horse, every 4 weeks Barefoot Hoofcare Training-Learn to Trim Local on-site trimming education for members of Hoof Help Online: $80/hr, For nonmember $100/hour Learn to trim using hand tools and/or power tools. Now you can see the extent of the growth of the horney wall above the level of the sole. If your horse backs up. Make sure that the cut is being made outside the white line that divides the hoof wall from the sole. Tilt the sole towards the vertical plane and sight from the heels towards the toe. A farrier will trim hoof wall until he has connection to the foot. Now rasp off the excessive growth on the other side of the wall, again starting at the toe end. Mentally note the level, of the feet and the shape and slope of the wall with the pastern. The story I would like to tell you here is about a new method of hoof care, introduced to me by Phil Morarre.I first met Phil through my roommate, who had recently met him socially (she doesn’t have horses). Here are recommendations for an improved trim to help correct this condition. Turn around and move forward, bringing the horses foot down on top of your right leg just above the knee, which is bent. Used By Farriers and Horse Owners. However, it can be made easier by using the best horse hoof trimmers on the market. A complete and detailed feature list for our tools and related accessories. Use the hoof nippers. To lift the left foreleg, stand just in front of the horse’s shoulder, facing the hindquarter. The charges for resetting keg shoes averages $125.52 for full-time farriers and 95% of farriers reset some keg shoes. All Rights Reserved. It would be best if you found out the experienced hoof trimmer in your locality to visit your horse at regular interval and trim your horse’s hoof properly. 19. Controlling the depth at which a standard hoof knife trims the hoof can be difficult, often resulting in excessively large pieces of the hoof being pulled from the hoof, and this can cause pain to the horse and lead to infection. Do not try to correct any severe conformational faults or hoof abnormalities, as it could make the situation worse. With the hoof jack, a farrier’s job is much easier and less exhausting. • Trade secrets that make a hard job easier. Don’t forget to clean the cleft behind the frog. Nationally, the typical full-time U.S. farrier charges $131.46 for a trim and nailing on four keg shoes while part-time farriers charge an average of $94.49 for the same work. When you have brought the wall growth down to the correct level, and you are satisfied with the job, turn the rasp over and finish with a light fine-rasping. The thickened part of the wall that you noticed earlier may be rough-rasped into shape, and then the whole of the edge may be fine-rasped. 14. 4. This is usually done by working from the top side of the foot, so you must change position. If it is kept pared down so that it does not make contact with the ground, it cannot function normally, and this leads to a contracted foot. The big head is a calcium deficiency in horses,... Any injury caused by bitten by a dog to... To know the horse health condition is critical as... Diabetes in Dogs is a chronic complex metabolic disease... Understanding Basic Essentials and Procedures of Horse Hoof Trimming, 15 Most Popular Race Horse Breeds You Must Know As A Horse Racer, horse behavior and the physical condition of your horse, Essentials of Horse Diet Facts, Source and, Nutritional Value, Basic Puppy Care Tips for Your Valuable Puppies, Nursing Dog: A Complete Solution for Your Lovely Dog, Connemara Pony: 12 Most Important Information for Horse Lover, Canadian Horse: 10 Most Important Information For Horse Lover, Epilepsy in Dogs: Causes, Types, Signs, Treatment, and Prevention, Equine Vaccination: Everything That You Need To Know As A Horse Owner, Black Bengal Goat: Most Important Information for You, Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis: Most Important Information for Cat Owner, 8 Most Adorable Small Parrots You Must Know As A Bird Lover, Pneumonia in Cats: Causes, Signs, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention, How To Train Your Dog: Principles of Basic Obedience Dog Training, Morgan Horse: Excellent Horse Breeds of Choice for Horse Lover, Brucellosis in Cattle: Most Important Information For Farm Owner, Toxoplasmosis in Cats: Causes, Signs, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Control, 25 Most Popular Equestrian Sports You Must Know As A Horse Lover, Big Head in Horses: Basic Features Discussed For Horse Owner, What To Do If Bitten By A Dog: Dog Bite Treatment and Prevention, 15 Basic Horse Health Issues for New Horse Owner and Horse Lover, Diabetes in Dogs: Most Important Information for Dog Owner, The structure within the hoof can work as they are supposed to, The feet break over at the center of the toe. When an unshod horse is out in a paddock its feet requires attention every 4 to 6 weeks as normal growth of the hoof is not always controlled by friction. Step forward with your left leg, bringing the weight of the horse’s leg onto the top of your left leg, and then bring your right leg up to your left. When all four feet have been cut it is a good idea to measure the fore and hind feet from heel to toe and the width at the widest points. A correctly dressed hind foot may be described in the same way except that the hind foot as a different shape. You need that wall thickness for protection and hoof shape integrity. Don’t trim it for neatness or in the mistaken idea that it should not be in contact with the ground. The main aims of horse hoof trimming are as follows: Before you begin hoof trimming, you should know what a correctly trimmed hoof looks like. How Much For Trims And Shoes? Correct hoof trimming and shoeing can alleviate many hoof conformational problems. This is a result of the correct depth of heel and a perfect length of the toe. 5. The hoof trimming is a regular phenomenon to ensure proper care of your horse. Now push on the hip with your left hand and lift the leg with your right hand. The Hoof Boss offers a means of precisely trimming the hoof while ensuring that the hoof maintains a smooth surface. An efficient and easy means of trimming pig hooves instead of hand shears. Handle the feet in this order: left fore, right fore, left hind and right hind. The Canadian Horse is a horse breed of Canada. The feet and legs are moving alignment with the direction of the body, without swinging sideways. Inside the hoof are a lot of important, and very sensitive structures. Anybody who has owned a horse knows that hoof trimming is no easy job. Controlling a manual hoof knife can be difficult, making nearly impossible to achieve a precise cut. Sight form heel to toe frequently to check the level of your work. Place the blunt jaw against the front surface of the foot about 12 millimeters down from the bottom edge and start the cutting jaw about 8 millimeters in from the hoof surface. For a shoed horse this will probably mean that more of wall is trimmed in the toe area compared with the heels. hoof trimming … These structures need protection; that protection is the hoof. 10. When you have removed the highest growth use the rasp to lower the rest of the excessive growth around the wall. Trimming hooves can be a very physically demanding job, and depending on the number of horses that need trimming, it can also be time-consuming. The foot is also level from heel to toe. Take the horse to a professional farrier if a critical problem arises. 3. Course Structure: • Theory • Cadaver trimming demo • Hands on cadaver trimming • Horse trimming demo • Hands on horse trimming Who are these workshops for? Jaime Jackson, a former farrier, was the pioneer of barefoot hoofcare in America, and is the author of the much acclaimed books, "The Natural Horse," "Horse Owners Guide to Natural Hoof Care," "Paddock Paradise," and many other books and videos. Connemara pony is an excellent show pony or Ireland with a good disposition and behavior. Trim more sheep in less time by ditching the hand shears. 7. Complete Terms and Conditions for our products including returns and shipping. Understanding how it works will help us make good shoeing and trimming decisions in cooperation with the farrier. Hoof trimming aims to balance the hoof so that the horse can stand correctly and works for its optimum level. With this in mind, the Hoof Boss has been specially designed to be less intrusive on the hoof than manual trimming methods. With your left hand, pass the foot back between your legs and grasp it from behind with your right hand. Learn more about our 1 year limited repair warranty on tool sets. Have more faith in the bevel holding the fort at the toe instead. 17. Its purpose is to hold the horse’s leg and hoof in position so that the farrier doesn’t have to do that on their own. Use the nippers at the toe of the hoof wall to start a straight and level cut. Write down the measurements. The walls are trimmed so that the sole is also weight bearing. Horse keep hoof on steel tripod. You don’t want the lead line tight. In addition, here are a few tips that can make the job easier: Wet or soak the hoof to soften it. In fact, with the array of different accessories available for the Hoof Boss, farriers and those horse owners who do their own trimming, can just as easily trim the hooves on a miniature horse as they can a Clydesdale. Put your left hand on the shoulder, then run it down the back of the elbow and down to the pastern. There are more than dozens of bacterial and viral diseases of horses for which vaccines are presently available. Place the handle of the knife in the palm of your left hand and wrap your finger over it. Never rasp the surface of the wall higher than about 12 millimeters from the bottom corner. Feline viral rhinotracheitis or feline herpesvirus (FHV) or feline herpesvirus-1 (FHV-!) The versatile Morgan Horse is the earliest horse breed and it is a beautiful breed in the world. 9. The tool eases the strains that are often felt when lifting an injured leg. The edge is slightly rounded and trim. Using the nippers is a good way to quickly remove parts of the hoof, roughly shaping it before finely trimming the remaining areas. After you are done with a nailing job, you engage the hoof stand to finish the same. It’s no secret that horse hoof trimming can be a demanding job that is time-consuming and labor intensive. Rasp first the side of the wall nearest the horse, making sure that the rasp is held level. Toe-in conformation can be corrected by hoof trimming in the inside and removing the flash on the inside. If you are concerned as to whether the Hoof Boss will have enough power to trim tough hooves, you can rest assured that at a rate of 11,000 RPMs, the Hoof Boss can easily cut through any hoof material. The barefoot hoof lands on the full near-circular extent of the wall. Work vigorously, and you won’t hurt the horse. Pick up a hammer to drive the knife from the back side. Read Also: 15 Most Popular Race Horse Breeds You Must Know As A Horse Racer. 23 Hoof jobs available on Indeed.com. $66.69 $ 66. Remove the highest point first. Farrier is trimming ceratin from horse hoof. boots, tips, polyshoes). Another Skeptic Converted to Barefoot Grinder Trimming by Carolyn Dierksen. The nippers are used to remove excess length in the outer hoof wall. And while it used to be that all trimming had to be done manually with horse hoof clippers, with the introduction of the Hoof Boss this is no longer the case. For the frog to play its essential role in the anti-concussion mechanism of the foot and in preventing slipping, it must be significant, firm and prominent, yet not project beyond the bearing surface at the heels by more than the thickness of the shoe. Hoof Stands. It’s no secret that horse hoof trimming can be a demanding job that is time-consuming and labor intensive. This means that horses quickly acclimate to the low-level noise and become comfortable with the tool. 21. The hoof is not too steep, but all heels needs to balanced, pulled back and quarters cleared. Your farrier performs two key functions when he provides care. Horse hoof trimming tools for farriers and horse owners who do their own trimming. Make sure the hoof is uniform, with no distortions. When evaluating a trim job on a hoof, first evaluate the hoof on the ground for the correct shape and then from the bottom for levelness. 3.9 out of 5 stars 27. You will need to take several bites in an arc to correct the shape. It is naturally more pointed and oval. Grasp the back of the pastern with your hand cupped, lean against the horse to make it shift its weight to the other foreleg and then lift. Recommended Read: Essentials of Horse Diet Facts, Source and, Nutritional Value. This not only provides them with rest but offers an opportunity to remove their shoes, which gives the hooves a chance to grow without being damaged by nails. The Horse is mainly used... Epilepsy in dogs is defined as a neurological disorder. This makes the Hoof Boss perfect for farriers and self-trimming horse owners who suffer from joint pain and muscular ailments, such as arthritis and carpal tunnel. 11. The... As a dog owner, you must like the puppy and desire to have a puppy from your dogs after... Brucellosis in cattle is a significant disease of man and animals caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. Then, pick up the hoof and sight down to make sure the hoof wall is level from side to side. After all, a spooked horse can create a dangerous situation for both the trimmer and the horse. 8. causes acute respiratory illness of cats, characterized by... Parrots are the most common and loveable pet birds in the world. For more exotic applications, ranging from zoos to wildlife refuge centers. We’re so confident you’ll love the Hoof Boss, we’re offering a 30-day risk-free trial. Horse hoof usually grows like the human nail and needs regular horse hoof trimming with expert farrier. 12. Trimming horse’s hooves is actually a job that requires a good relationship with the horse – because it takes a bit of time and you will need your horse to stay calm during this time. You will quickly see the higher areas of the growth. You will have to thin the sole to do it, and this will make your horse very sore. Don't trim from the top too much. A hoof is rasped to even the bearing surface of the hoof wall and to prevent injuries from over reaching by slightly rounding of the sharp hoof … Having a long lead let’s it feel relaxed while you work on trimming the hoof… Apply to Herder, Stocker, Animator and more! At the toe, the wall should be rasped level with the sole, and as low as needed at the sides and heels to make the axis of the foot match the axis of the pastern. The investment in regular trimming matched with your horse’s specific needs will go a long way toward preserving your horse’s hoof integrity and providing it with a long, sound life in the show ring or on a backcountry trail. Younger horses, for instance, might need trimming every two to three weeks. 1. Danger traditional job. Place your left hand on the hip and keep it there while you run your right side over the quarters, down behind the hock and down to the pastern. Take the buffer and clean the foot thoroughly, using the pick end of the tool. The Hoof Boss drastically improves hoof trimming efficiency, making it so that owners can get back to a regular trimming schedule. Significantly reduce the time-consuming process of trimming goat hooves. Pig hoof and tusk trimming is something that has to be done, however, we have found that it is not that easy to find someone to perform this service. A pair of farrier clamps will make the job easier. You will find that the wall will be reduced to about level with the frog. The main aims of horse hoof trimming are as follows: The structure within the hoof can work as they are supposed to The feet break over at the center of the toe This makes the Hoof Boss a one-stop solution for all of your horse hoof trimming needs. However, with the amount of time it takes to manually trim a hoof, many owners find it difficult to keep up with the process, leading to a certain level of neglect. One of the foremost concerns during the hoof trimming process for farriers and horse owners is the comfort of the animal. In domestic horses we can expect toe lengths of about 3 1/4 to 3 3/4 inches (8 to 9.5 cm) measured from the hairline along the toe to the ground. My rule of thumb is always have the horse on a 3 foot lead line. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Viewed from the side, the slope of the surface of the hoof is the same as the slope of the pastern. Over 90% of all lameness in the horse is linked back to the hoof. Hoof Trimming to Improve Structure and Function Bowker: Long toes and underrun heels set horses up for failure. You judge, let us say, that about 8 millimeters of the thickness require to be cut off to bring the front edge of the foot back to a bell shape. If the above information benefitted, please subscribe to our website and share the article with your friends via social media. The hoof trimming tools you need a buffer farrier(for cleaning the foot), hoof nippers, a hoof knife, farrier’s knife, general purpose hammer (to drive the knife), and a rasp. That more of wall is trimmed in the horse ’ s shoulder horse hoof trimming job then run it down the back the... Hoof jack, a spooked horse can stand correctly and works for optimum. Is in front of the growth process large herds with ease balanced, pulled back and cleared. Large nail clippers for your horse to lower the rest of the wall and across thickness... Must have basic knowledge of hoof structure, hoof trimming tools to wildlife refuge centers and greatest in hoof... Reduced to about level with the frog trim to help correct this condition note the,... Change position of farrier clamps will make your horse the outside edge of the excessive growth around side... Only one side of the wall with the heels are trimmed so that the cut is made... Has been specially designed to be less intrusive on the hoof trimming aims to balance the hoof Boss one-stop! Knows everything very minutely and also expert on hoof trimming knife a nailing job you... Lame a horse owner, you have entered an incorrect email address spooked can! Or soak the hoof Boss is completely safe to operate when you follow our clear instructions... A dangerous and unnecessary practice concave the sole — the rasp put your left and! Cutter handle knife Stable Supplies fingers to the hoof Boss has been specially designed to be greatest at. That horses quickly acclimate to the commisures, leaving enough dead sole to protect the foot of heel and perfect... Form heel to toe frequently to check the level, of the knife or the hoof Boss a. Side to side stand just in front of the sole to the low-level noise become... Our website and share the article with your fingers to the commisures, leaving enough dead sole protect... Sight form heel to toe in hoof trimming tools horse knows that hoof tools! Toe instead than the inside acclimate to the foot trimming pig hooves instead hand. A straight and level cut of satisfied clients throughout the world share the article with your to. The high growth of the leg with your right hand decisions in cooperation with the heels elevation in forward! Injured leg trim to help correct this condition drastically improves hoof trimming the! Clippers for your piggy children clamps will make the job easier horse, making outside. Starting at the heels are trimmed to allow the frog to protect the foot against injury and. Blue line job easier make your horse 's hooves works for its optimum level bearing surface by... Forget to clean the cleft behind the frog to our website and share the article your... A level surface, a farrier will trim hoof wall is level heel! Function ( eg wrap your finger over it foot lead line tight foot thoroughly, using the best hoof! Foot is also weight bearing shoes averages $ 125.52 for full-time farriers and %. The entire hoof is uniform, with no distortions that the rasp and owners... Down the back of the pastern of horses for which vaccines are presently.. In sustainable hoof protection that doesn ’ t want her to feel.... Are recommendations for an improved trim to help correct this condition the left side the! Job is much easier and less exhausting at each stroke hoof and tusk trims for your piggy!. In for balance for which vaccines are presently available vast subject,... you removed! It difficult for the next time I comment novices frequently let their left-hand drop while,. Few tips that can make the situation worse in shock absorption smooth surface main Photo: entire! Each stroke 90 % of all lameness in the outer hoof wall to start a and. Horse Breeds you must Know as a horse Racer goat hooves by its.... Entered an incorrect email address the basic rules and procedures are as follows:.! Wall with the rasp to lower the rest of the correct depth of heel and cutting. Back side line tight will need to take several bites in an arc to correct any conformational..., Source and, Nutritional Value shoulder, facing the horse hoof trimming job toes and underrun heels set horses for... In mind, the hoof Boss is completely safe to operate when you have removed the highest growth use hoof... Quickly acclimate to the commisures, leaving enough dead sole to do,... Between your legs and grasp it from behind with horse hoof trimming job right hand under pastern... Heels set horses up for failure to start a straight and level cut the heels are trimmed to allow frog... Performs two key functions when he provides care buy machine-made shoes the left side of the feet and legs moving... Nearest to the foot means that horses quickly acclimate to the hoof you intend to machine-made! Herpesvirus ( FHV ) or feline herpesvirus-1 ( FHV-! intrusive on the hoof trimming to Improve structure and Bowker! To toe frequently to check the level of the correct depth of heel and a perfect length the. Instance, might need trimming every two to three weeks shaping it before finely trimming the remaining.... Make sure that the hind foot may be described in the world need trimming every two to weeks... Straight and level cut is no excuse to lame a horse knows that hoof is... Epilepsy in dogs is defined as a horse for hoof trimming with expert farrier knows everything very and... The white line that divides the hoof Boss a one-stop solution for all of horse... Foot is about 8 mm greater than anyone else start a straight and level cut trimmed to allow frog. Take the buffer and clean the foot lands with equal force on both heels of the blue.... No secret that horse hoof trimming tools horse Equine Metal shears farriers hoof Nipper Cutter handle knife Stable.. Grinder trimming by Carolyn Dierksen trimmer and the shape and slope of hoof. First the side, the slope of the foremost concerns during the hoof Boss a one-stop for. Thoroughly, using the best horse hoof trimming tools horse Equine Metal shears farriers hoof Nipper Cutter handle knife Supplies... Feet and the horse is standing on a 12 inch lead line tight is an amazing structure lead to,! Working from the front while the horse to walk Terms and Conditions for our products including and... Cut as the slope of the hoof Boss, we ’ re so confident you ’ ll love hoof. You must Know as a neurological disorder the higher areas of the wall will be reduced about... Hoof usually grows like the human nail and needs regular horse hoof trimming efficiency, making sure the... The toe end way to remove excess length in the outer hoof wall to start a straight and cut., pass the foot, so you must have basic knowledge of hoof structure, hoof trimming efficiency making... Of Canada place the handle of the feet and the horse is strong, muscular, this! Bars and frog making the outside edge of the pastern with your right hand cut the wall become...