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Only nationalists and fanatics disagree. If youre learning multiple languages at once, pairing similar languages is a great way to maximize your studying. It is not true that Shtokavian which I speak is not mutually intelligible with Torlakian of southern Serbia. Masovian, which is spoken throughout the central and eastern regions of Poland. In writing, however, Scots language looks similar to English (albeit with some spelling variations). That information is in error. And o shifts to u. Method: It is important to note that the percentages are in general only for oral intelligibility and only in the case of a situation of a pure inherent intelligibility test. Frequency of exposure is one of the main causes of this. If youve studied one language, you may very well understand some of anotheror have a much easier time learning it. Polish ~ Kashubian . In this week's Slavic languages comparison we talk about animals in Polish and Ukrainian. can take anywhere. Poles who know German and Old Polish can understand Silesian quite well due to the Germanisms and the presence of many older Polish words, but Poles who speak only Polish have a hard time with Silesian. Older people who rembember federation understand everything. The truth is that a person can often understand other dialects, except his native one. Swarte will be awarded a PhD by the University of Groningen on 3 March. Like a shits to o. In addition, Balachka language associations believe it is a separate language. It uses shtokavian dialect but simultaniously italianized vocabulary,and it is very hard to be understood while speaking to a common Croatian speaker.Would that also be considered a separate language? Its vocabulary has lots of common words with all of Russian, Ukrainian, and Polish, so it's sort of mutually intelligible with all of them. More? For example, British Sign Language (BSL) and American Sign Language (ASL) are quite different and mutually unintelligible, even though the hearing people of the United Kingdom and the United States share the same spoken language. I use Wikipedia as a reference for new languages that Wikipedia misses, like the 4 Croatian languages. Yet, it is closer to Russian that standard Ukrainian. Russian only has 60% intelligibility of Balachka. I dont know about Macedonian (havent ever heard or read it) but it seems to be like in the middle between Serbian and Bulgarian (just like frisian is in the middle of dutch and english). http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/wanted_terrorists/usama-bin-laden/view It exists in differing degrees among many related or geographically proximate languages of the world, often in the context of a dialect continuum. The key problem of Bulgarian is the different gramar the lack of declination and the use of postpositive articles. The dialects of Ukrainian do not differ extensively from one another and are all mutually intelligible. So I understand Kajkavians and Slovenes except for a germanic package. LIFESTYLE Languages. Serbo-Croatian has variable intelligibility of Macedonian, averaging ~55%, while Nis Serbians have ~90% intelligibility with Macedonian. slavic mutual newspaper It is not that hard. It has also been described as a transitional dialect between Polish and Slovak. But thats politics for you. She stated that Czech and Slovak are mutually intelligible and that the main differences between the two languages is that Slovak has somewhat of a Hungarian inflluence, and Czech has more of a German and Latin component. Ukrainian and Belarusian are the closest languages, as together with Russian they form the East Slavic group of languages. (j/k) Ukrainians and Belarusians understand each other's languages with no problem. Macedonian and Bulgarian would be much closer together except that in recent years, Macedonian has been heavily influenced by Serbo-Croatian, and Bulgarian has been heavily influenced by Russian. Yes you can. Are Polish and Ukrainian mutually intelligible? There are some dialects around Buzet that seem to be the remains of old Kajkavian-Chakavian transitional dialects (Jembrigh 2014). However, the Torlak Serbians can understand Macedonian well, as this is a Serbo-Croatian dialect transitional to both languages. So they speak Macedonian to me and I speak Serbian to them, and we understand each other perfectly. But I can tell you this. For majority of the Shtokavian speakers thats just another language: different grammar, vocabulary, pronunciations, even sounds (Kai has at least 9 vowels while Shto Croatian only 5 for example). Spanish is most mutually intelligible with Galician. Hello Mr Lindsay, In the former Czechoslovakia, everything was 50-50 bilingual media, literature, etc. According to former Pakistani President Musharraf Omar Sheikh who wired $100,000 to Mohammed Atta was recruited during the 90s by British intelligence. Vitebsk State University. Id guess mutual intelligibility there is somewhere on the level of 75~80%, which is pretty pathetic. For instance, West Palesian is a transitional Belarussian dialect to Ukrainian. Reading a Bulgarian text is not like reading an ordinary book in Czech, it would cost my brain much more kilojoules (but maybe mainly due to the monotonous Cyrilic script), but it is possible. This comment is fantastic! Sorry for my English, Im still learning itespecially right word order. Upper Dnistrian is influenced by German and Polish. Post 1991, g has returned. Conclusion: I have the hardest time to understand anything of Bulgarian, it sounds really fast and choppy but similar to Russian sometimes. The Mutually Intelligible Languages of 8 Popular World Languages 1. We speak them too. When there, they have to pass a language test. Main difference between akavian, kajkavian and tokavian is in vocabulary. German is partially mutually intelligible with Yiddish and Dutch. Every major language has some dialects Also both sides are able to use standard Slovak. Page 183 section 481. Russian has 85% intelligibility with Rusyn (which has a small number of speakers in Central and Eastern Europe). . It was probably in the same ballpark as Polish for me. I also recognize a Macedonian who speaks Serbian by the vowel e, and their sound of () is much softer than Serbian one, something between Serbian and or even as same as . I think this is very difficult for Macedonians to distinguish this two consonants and pronounce them correctly. It forms a single tongue and is not several separate languages as many insist. Personal communication. He gave me the 25% figure. . There is an old Kajkavian-Chakavian dialect continuum of which little remains, although some of the old Kajkavian-Chakavian transitional dialects are still spoken (Jembrigh 2014). Written intelligibility is higher at 25%. akavski has considerably more italian influence, due to many of the people there speaking italian (vicinity to italy) and the presence of istriot language and the former presence of dalmatian language. Or they will say, Well, that is about 70% our language. If it is a dialect, they will say, That is really still our language. The British Academy funded research project dedicated to examining mutual intelligibility between Karakalpak, Kazakh and Uzbek languages is currently under way at the, This page was last edited on 6 February 2023, at 16:40. Kids speak both languages, as well as English, fluently. It is sometimes used as an important criterion for distinguishing languages from dialects, although sociolinguistic factors are often also used. According to Ethnologue, there are more than 7,000 languages in the world, with some being more difficult to learn than others. Ja u raditi, for me, sounds more Croatian and Bosnian or at least archaic, and Serbians from Bosnia and Croatia also speaks in that way. All South Slavic languages in effect form a large dialect continuum of gradually mutually intelligible varieties depending on distance between the areas where they are spoken. I must admit that knowing English, German and French also helped me since Polish readily uses borrowings from these languages where Russian prefers Slavic words. I guess this would not have worked for Macedonian and Slovene in the Yugoslav army. 25/01/23 | StarsInsider. Serbs/Croats used to live in the south Poland and they moved south to the current location. I thought this is Croatia! 5. Robert Lindsay, Independent Journalist: l Talk about Things You're Not Supposed to Talk About. (I will come to Bulgarian too). [8], However, others have suggested that these objections are misguided, as they collapse different concepts of what constitutes a "language".[9]. Ukrainian much less comprehensible. Contents1 Can Slovenians understand Croatian?2 What languages are mutually intelligible with Croatian?3 What is the closest language to Slovenian?4 Which two . I dismiss some of the wilder conspiracy stuff out of hand. Ponaszymu appears to lack full intelligibility with Czech. 6. That word have special meaning and I think that Serbian needs that word, but if I tell that word seriously while I speak, everybody will laugh at me. A lect called iarija Slovenian is spoken on the Istrian Peninsula in Slovenia just north of Croatia. The distance of Slovene may seem unlikely, but I think that it is still rather optimistic, because Czech and Slovene are quite distant, despite geographical closeness. Intelligibility problems are mostly on the Czech end because they dont bother to learn Slovak while many Slovaks learn Czech. Check out his page on the FBI 10 most wanted website. But islanders more often say Mi povidamo na nau or domau. There is just a little problem to understand east Slovaks for Czechs from naywhere. Balgarski is balgarskijat, grupa is grupata, oficialni is oficijalnijat etc. demonstratives (tk~ovd vs. tuka~ovde, tamo vs. tamu) and some elementary adverbs (sg vs. sega now; jutre vs. utre tomorrow; dns(ke) ~ deneska today, fera vs. vera yesterday) are fairly similar; Ni Torlak uses multiple sets of demonstratives as its 3rd person pronouns (toj/ta/to/ti/te/ta, onj/on/on/on/on/on, ovj/ov/ov/ov/ov/ov, in descending order of frequency) as opposed to Serbians almost exclusive use of on/ona/ono/oni/one/ona and standard Macedonians use of toj/taa/toa/tie When we do intelligiblity studies, we look for virgin ears or people who have not heard the other language much or at all. It is difficult to get a high-paying job that requires skill and . Russian influence only ended in 1878. Other factors that one has to keep in mind is recent (and not so recent, too) history and its linguistic implications on speakers for instance, Slovaks older that about 20 dont have much trouble understanding Czech because Czech was pretty intrusive if not dominant in official and intercommunal use in Czechoslovakia until its collapse. the interrogatives are much more similar (kda vs. koga when; kd~kud vs. kade where; to~kakv (second form is more characteristic of Bulgarian) vs. to what; koj/koja/koe/koi vs. koj/koja/koe/koi who/which/that (interr. I can barely understand czech (slovak I havent tried) and, as similar as it is to croatian, I can only understand a little slovenian. Serbians often say radiu and its very similar to Croatian raditi u or radit u, but sometimes Serbians say ja u da radim or even u da radim without ja (I), because u is first singular form of the verb hteti and ja is needless, but its very rare and common for southern Serbian dialects and also very very irregular in official Serbian, but that is very similar to official Macedonian. Slovenian while it sounds slavic to me is not intelligible at all save for a few words here and there. Its also highly intelligible with Portuguese in writing, though less so when spoken. Please listen and watch the movie Zona Zamfirova. Molise Croatian is not intelligible with Standard Croatian. Tunisian Arabic is also considered mutually intelligible with Maltese, particularly with regards to idiomatic expressions. The post-1991 reforms of the Ukrainian language were not an introduction of Polish or Western Ukrainian as some Russian nationalists (and non-nationalists, who believe them) claim, but rather a return to a standard adopted in Kharkiv in 1927. Are Polish and Ukrainian mutually intelligible? In 1933, reforms were forced that streamlined Ukrainian more in line with the Russian language. It is best seen as a Ukrainian dialect spoken in Russia specifically, it is markedly similar to the Poltavian dialect of Ukrainian spoken in Poltava in Central Ukraine. . In the case of Croatian and Slovene, the intelligibility is asymmetric, since Slovene participants could understand Croatian better than vice versa. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11185-015-9150-9 It is also said that West Slovak (Bratislava) cannot understand East Slovak, so Slovak may actually two different languages, but this is controversial. In fact, I cannot often identify any words at all. Jen. It should be noted that this division is conditional (actually: arbitrary) (and) names do not reflect the different languages, but only periods in the development of the Bulgarian language, which (have) detectable traits. I can read and understand a lot of Bulgarian in written form, its basically old slavic , many such words are simply obsolete or archaic in modern serbian, but i do get the gist of any written article. So you believe the 9/11 narrative? Probably, ja u da radim for Bosnians and Croatians sounds very Serbian. But akavian being archaic it has old slavic package. [5][6] In a similar vein, some claim that mutual intelligibility is, ideally at least, the primary criterion separating languages from dialects.[7]. As for mutual intelligibility, learned exposure aside, Ive never had much of a fun time in any area of western or northern Serbia that wasnt Belgrade; my lack of a pitch accent system (where Serbian has four accents, Ni has independent accent and length that seldom coincide with the norm); I cannot for the life of me make sense of umadija or Vojvodina Serbian (these are considered the normative core of Serbian) without resorting to asking the other party to slow down and having myself talk slower. The only big one i disagree with your breakdown is serbian/croatian vs bulgarian. Pei Mario (1949). A professor of Slavic Linguistics at a university in Bulgaria reviewed the paper and felt that the percentages were accurate. Bulgarian and Russian are close because the Ottoman rulers of Bulgaria would not allow printing in Bulgaria. More properly, their speech is best seen as closer to Macedonian than to Bulgarian or Serbo-Croatian. Polish is the most incomprehensible Slavic language for other Slavs, both spoken and written. The Czech law even states that Slovak language can be used in schools and in official documents. Maltese. Serbo-Croatian intelligibility of Slovenian is 25-30%. Russians, they usually need some adaptation time (and of course they need to be willing to try -- which is not always the case, since many Russians are monolingual and . From the 1500s to 1900, a large corpus of Kajkavian literature was written. [2], Sign languages are not universal and are usually not mutually intelligible,[3] although there are also similarities among different sign languages. I can grasp only something in the sense that these four periods have different names and that they dont designate different languages (delene e uslovno i imenata ne otrazjavat razlini ezici), but only periods of the development of Bulgarian (samo periodi v razvitieto na balgarskija ezik), with typical changes or features (za koito se otkrivat charakterni belezi). but the two languages are more different than some people think. But the end of the sentence clarified these words. Ukrainian has 82% intelligibility of Belarusian and Rusyn and 55% of Polish. So I understood all but one word (), and Google Translator indeed confirms that my guess was right and it means also. America paid us to hand over al-Qaeda suspects Its true that Slavic languages are not intelligible in the taking-the-first-person-from-the-street-and-making-them-listen-to-a-random-conversation way, that is, an average Slavic speaker with an untrained ear and little to no exposure to other Slavic languages will have difficulty understanding other Slavic languages. Also I have a long article coming up as a chapter in a peer reviewed book being published out of Turkey. Lach is a Czech-Polish transitional lect with a close relationship with Cieszyn Silesian. Traditionally, dialects are regional variations of one main language. Subtitles are absurd when 99% of the audience can already understand whats going on. You can pick up the gist of thats being said in any sentence. Most Macedonians already are able to speak Serbo-Croatian well. Russian, the native language of 160 million people, including many . Sign languages are independent of spoken languages and follow their own paths of development. CZECH: Bulharsk jazyk je indoevropsk jazyk ze skupiny jihoslovanskch jazyk. Much of the language has changed lots of Turkish loans have been dropped, plenty of standard Serbian terminology has made its way in but Ive had less of a communication issue in Kumanovo (north-eastern Macedonia) than Belgrade (capital of Serbia) back when I was but a young lad. If we consider that syntax/lexics is the heart of language, than Serbian and Macedonian are the same language. http://ifaq.wap.org/society/voweldeployment.html. Thanks for the information about Eastern Slovak I will incorporate it. Serbo-Croatian and Bulgarian have 10-15% oral intelligibility, however, there are Bulgarian dialects that are transitional with Torlak Serbian. This difference is because Bulgarian is not spoken the same way it is written like Serbo-Croatian is. Ja u da radim is a form more related to Macedonian and south eastern dialects of Serbo-Croatian. Intelligibility between languages can be asymmetric, with speakers of one understanding more of the other than speakers of the other understanding the first. I could try. Hag_Boulder 9 mo. This stuff is not all that controversial. Serbs until recently where still self titled Yugoslavs. Also cyrillic in Macedonian is almost as same as Serbian, but many Croats dont know or dont want to know cyrillic, and that makes Macedonian more different to them than to Serbs. > Much of the claimed intelligibility was simply bilingual learning. Toj e oficialnijat ezik na Republika Balgarija i edin iz 23-te oficialni ezika na Evropejskija sajuz. There is one factor they dont know about the internet. We hate SPAM and promise to keep your email address safe. In this case, another criteria I would also consider is how hard or easy it is for a Serb to start understanding Macedonian. There are numerous intelligibility tests out there that work very well, or you can just ask native speakers to give you a %, and most of the honest ones will tell you; in fact, they will often differentiate between oh that is our language, they speak the same language as us, for dialects and then no, that is not our language, that is different, and they do not speak our language for separate languages. After all, you can look at the study that I listed above and check the results of the written translation task (translation of 50 individual words), which illustrates the similarity of lexicons: Czechs best understand Slovak words (96,52%), then Polish (64,29%), then Bulgarian (57,00%), Croatian (55,38%) and Slovene (49,73%). Foreign languages arent always as foreign as youd expect. I speak Slovenian and Croats think that I can speak Kaikavian. 70%? I am a native Macedonian and I totally dont agree with you. Even the most common, most simple words sound alien in spoken Bulgarian, VODA(WATER) is pronounced ,VODA . The revelation comes from General Musharrafs memoir, In the Line of Fire, which begins serialisation in The Times today and will further embarrass the White House at a time when relations between the US and Pakistan are already strained.. Pakistani intelligence chiefs are concerned that General Musharraf may jeopardise their relationship with British intelligence agencies after claiming that a convicted terrorist was once an MI6 informer. Some say that West Palesian is actually a separate language, but the majority of Belarussian linguists say it is a dialect of Belarussian (Mezentseva 2014). Most people in the region speak Russian with a few Ukrainian words. Some Poles say they find Silesian harder to understand than Belorussian or Slovak, which implies intelligibility of 20-25%. These 4 main Polish dialects are: Greater Polish, which is spoken in the west of the country. There is as much Czech literature and media as Slovak literature and media in Slovakia, and many Slovaks study at Czech universities. As a non-Ukrainian (as well as non-Polish) native speaker, I can understand Ukrainian through Polish more easily than Russian, even though I actually studied Russian formally, but never Ukrainian-:) . In contrast, Filipovi is talking slowly, and although some words have a different stress than in Czech, I can identify them pretty well and hence listening to this guy is basically like reading a written text in Serbo-Croatian. Cheers brothers and sisters! While Norway was under Danish rule, the Bokml written standard of Norwegian developed from Dano-Norwegian, a koin language that evolved among the urban elite in Norwegian cities during the later years of the union. http://www.network54.com/Forum/84302/thread/1284248981/last-1288620675/The+real+9-11+cover+up-+Political+hijacking++was+originally+aimed+at+Russia. Funny thing when Slovene tourists come to Dalmatian islands they start to speak awkward Serbo Croatian they learned long ago in yugo schools because they fear of not being understood. Bulgarian is a pluricentric language it has several literary norms. Sorry for so much criticism it is just my Czech/Moravian opinion on the subject. I think the OP exagerated a bit. I would like to know if anyone could confirm that you could indeed . Ni Torlak has six vowels the standard /a e i o u/ and a reduced schwa // thats found where a strong yer once used to be, as in dog and sadness (this vowel has merged with /a/ in Serbian, but the two yers were kept as separate reflexes /e o/ (merging with those full vowels) in Macedonian) with phonemic and morpho-lexical stress that has plenty of grammatically conditioned shifts. I can understand anyone who speaks English, even those who speak it as foreigners might say too fast. Borg, Albert J.; Azzopardi-Alexander, Marie (1997). Russian has high intelligibility of Belarussian, on the order of 75%. Paul McGrane. Yet we speak of Kai/Cha as of Serbo-Croatian dialects, while Slovenian is totally foreign. Usama Bin Laden is wanted in connection with the August 7, 1998, bombings of the United States Embassies in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and Nairobi, Kenya.